Ilan’s one day trip to Kotor

Ilan’s one day trip to Kotor and the Bay of Kotor was amazing , He picked us up from lux hotel in capital city Podgorica in lux Skoda Superb with amazing attentions to the smallest detail .

Ilan as the private driver and chauffeur is speaking fluently Hebrew , English ,Serbian , Croatian and Montenegrin.

As the arrival on the one day trip to Kotor is amazing small city on the coastal area .

Kotor – Montenegro

Kotor is a maritime town in the municipality of Kotor in Montenegro on the coast of the Bay of Kotor . According to the 2011 census, there were 961 inhabitants (according to the 2003 census , there were 1,331 inhabitants).
The old Mediterranean port of Kotor, surrounded by city walls, is very well preserved and is under the protection of UNESCO as a world cultural heritage. Between 1420 and 1797 . Kotor and its surroundings belonged to Venice , so the Venetian influence left its mark on the city’s architecture . The Bay of Kotor ( Boka kotorska ) is one of the deepest and longest bays on the Adriatic Sea , so it is often called the southernmost fjord of Europe. The cliffs of Orjen and Lovcen cover the town.
The exact time of creation of Kotor is not known. During the period of Roman rule, there was a city called Acruvium that was part of the Roman province of Dalmatia . Ascrivium or Ascruvium was first mentioned in 168 BC. n. e. However, today it cannot be determined whether it was located on the site of today’s Kotor, because archaeologists place that city in several potential locations between Kotor and Budva. The oldest archeological finds in Kotor date back to the 5th century AD, and were found under the church of Maria Koleđata.

Kotor has been fortified since the early Middle Ages, when Emperor Justinian I built the fortress around 535 . year, after the expulsion of the Goths , and the second city was probably built by Constantine Porphyrogenitus in the 10th century on the hills above the city.

Meanwhile, the city was under the supreme Byzantine rule. Bishop Jovan of Kotor participated in the work of the Seventh Ecumenical Council (787). The city is 840 . ravaged by the Saracens . When the Byzantine theme of Dalmatia was organized during the 9th century , Kotor was part of it.

In 1002 _ it was occupied by the self-proclaimed Bulgarian emperor Samuilo . At the time of Emperor Vasilij II, it again belonged to Byzantium .
After the formation of the Principality of Zeta (1042-1078) under the Vojislavljevićs, Kotor was a partially autonomous city, and the Romani population was gradually assimilated by settlers from nearby Slavic parishes. Kotor was a partially autonomous city in the Kingdom of Zeta, from 1078 until the first decades of the 12th century. Due to attempts to abolish autonomy, Kotor approached Byzantium, and in 1143 Zeta lost its status as a kingdom and became a vassal principality of Byzantium.

With the conquest of Kotor by Stefan Nemanja in 1187, it became a partially autonomous city and the main port of the later Kingdom of Serbia (1217-1346) and the Serbian Empire, until its demise (1371). At that time, the city was already an episcopal seat, subordinate to the archbishop in Bari, and in the 13th century, Dominican and Franciscan monasteries were established to prevent the spread of paganism . In the 14th century, the trade of the city of Cattaro , as it was then called in Latin sources (in Serbian it is called “Kotor, the city of kings”), competed with that of Dubrovnik and caused the envy of Venice. It should be mentioned that the city of Kotor had a statute from 1301 . year, which proves that it always had the status of a city. During the Serbian rule, Kotor enjoyed great autonomy and privileges, and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kotor extended its jurisdiction to Catholic parishes in the interior of Serbian lands.
Under Hungary, Venice and Bosnia
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The weakening of the Serbian state after the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 . it left the city without protection, and since it fell alternately into the hands of the Venetians, Hungarians and Bosnians. Kotor was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1371 to 1378, and then under Venice for a year. It was again in the hands of the Hungarian king, from 1379 to 1385. After Hungary, the Kingdom of Bosnia (Tvrtko I) held Kotor for six years, from 1385 to 1391. The Bosnian king mints his own money in it.

Kotor, independent city – republic (1391—1420)
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For almost thirty years (1391—1420), Kotor existed as an independent city-republic, until, on its own initiative, due to the danger of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, it requested the help of the Republic of Venice.
Under Venetian, French and Austrian rule
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Napoleon’s coin minted in Kotor, 1813
Kotor was under the rule of the Venetian Republic from 1420 to 1797. The well-fortified city was also besieged by the Turks in 1538 . and 1657 , it was visited by the plague in 1572 . year, and it was almost destroyed in the earthquakes of 1563 . and in 1667 . years. According to the Agreement from Campoformi from 1797 . passed into the hands of Austria . Napoleon’s French occupied it in 1805-1806, as well as from 1807-1813. year, minting his own money in it.

In 1813, the city of Kotor was liberated by Montenegrins and Bokelje (with the help of the English fleet), but at the request of the great powers (after the Congress of Vienna ), it had to be ceded to Austria, which would rule it from 1814 to 1918.

An attempt to forcefully recruit the population, abandoned in 1869 , but successful in 1881 , caused two short-lived rebellions among the Krivošians on the western side of Mount Orjena, during which time Kotor was the headquarters of the Austrian headquarters , when the Krivošians defeated the Austro-Hungarian Expeditionary Army .

Kotor in 19th century

In the 19th century, the Serbian Reading Room , the Serbian National Guard and the Serbian Singing Society “Jedinstvo” worked in Kotor .

The Serbian Orthodox Church had a parish priest and a chaplain – a catechist in the school. In 1857, the parish priest was Pope Konstantin Jovanović, and the church youth choir was managed by Spiridon Jovanović. In 1870 . Kotor became the center of the newly established Orthodox diocese of Boko Kotor , whose first bishop was the famous Gerasim Petranović . On the evening of Christmas Day 1897, a fire broke out in which the entire Orthodox Cathedral in Kotor burned down.

The Kotor school received a contribution of 50 f. that year (as before, regularly). sent for the School Fund by Aleksandar Marinović from Kotor, who lived in Trieste. When Stevan Seferović, a prominent resident, died in 1857, he left about 3,000 f. Fund of the soon-to-be-opened Serbian school. In 1858, the people of Kotor who lived in Constantinople helped build a primary school in their hometown. Spiro Shortan gave 200 f. and Nikola Njegušić 40 f.

In the First World War, Kotor was the scene of fierce battles between Montenegro and Austria-Hungary .

On November 6, 1918, the Adriatic troops entered the territory of Austria-Hungary and entered Kotor.

Kotor in Yugoslavia time

During the time of Yugoslavia ( SFRJ )

After 1918 _ Kotor became part of the Province of Dalmatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . In February 1921, the French military authorities surrendered the ships and fortifications.
Since 1922 . and the new administrative division of the Kingdom of SHS, Kotor became part of the Zeta region , which from 1929 grew into the Zeta Banovina, which existed until 1941. The modern road Kotor – Bar was built in 1937 .

Kotor fell under Italian occupation from 1941 to 1943. From 1943 to 1944, it was under German occupation. Although the NDH wanted to put the whole of Boka Kotorska under its rule after the capitulation of Italy, Germany refused that request.

After the war, Kotor became part of the then People’s Republic of Montenegro within the new Yugoslavia.

The Square of Weapons, the most famous of Kotor’s numerous squares. It is accessed through the Sea Gate , the main entrance to the old city center

The southern gate, the oldest entrance to Kotor’s old town, dates back to the 10th century
On April 15 , 1979 . Kotor experienced a devastating earthquake, as well as many cities of Montenegro and the entire Adriatic coast suffered considerable damage. The reconstruction lasted 10 years, and even more for certain important buildings: the Cathedral of St. Trypun , the Church of St. Luke , the Prince’s Palace , etc

One day trip to Kotor is ended in one of the amazing restaurant in Kotor area .